Search results for " Chromosome structure"

showing 3 items of 3 documents

Multiple roles for ISWI in transcription, chromosome organization and DNA replication.

2003

ISWI functions as the ATPase subunit of multiple chromatin-remodeling complexes. These complexes use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to slide nucleosomes and increase chromatin fluidity, thereby modulating the access of transcription factors and other regulatory proteins to DNA. Here we discuss recent progress toward understanding the biological functions of ISWI, with an emphasis on its roles in transcription, chromosome organization and DNA replication.

DNA ReplicationTranscriptional ActivationHMG-boxTranscription GeneticBiophysicsBiologyBiochemistryATP-dependent chromatin remodeling ISWI Transcription Replication Chromosome structureChromatin remodelingChromosomesAdenosine TriphosphateControl of chromosome duplicationStructural BiologyGeneticsNucleosomeAnimalsHumansTranscription factorGeneticsAdenosine TriphosphatasesDNA replicationChromatin Assembly and DisassemblyChromatinSettore BIO/18 - GeneticaGene Expression RegulationOrigin recognition complexTranscription FactorsBiochimica et biophysica acta
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The histone deacetylase Rpd3 regulates the heterochromatin structure of Drosophila telomeres

2011

Telomeres are specialized structures at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes that are required to preserve genome integrity, chromosome stability and nuclear architecture. Telomere maintenance and function are established epigenetically in several eukaryotes. However, the exact chromatin enzymatic modifications regulating telomere homeostasis are poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, telomere length and stability are maintained through the retrotransposition of specialized telomeric sequences and by the specific loading of protecting capping proteins, respectively. Here, we show that the loss of the essential and evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase Rpd3, the homolog of mammal…

Telomere-binding proteinGeneticsEpigenomicsMaleHistone deacetylase 5Histone deacetylase 2HDAC11Histone Deacetylase 1Cell BiologyBiologyTelomereHistone H4Telomere HomeostasisDrosophila melanogasterHeterochromatinHistone H2Ahistone deacetylaseHistone codeAnimalsDrosophila Proteinsanimals; article; chromosome aberration; chromosome structure; drosophila; drosophila melanogaster; drosophila proteins; enzyme activity; epigenetics; epigenomics; eukaryota; heterochromatin; histone acetylation; histone deacetylase 1; histone deacetylase rpd 3; histone methylation; male; mammalia; nonhuman; polytene chromosome; priority journal; regulatory mechanism; telomere; unclassified drugPolytene Chromosomes
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Endogenous fluctuations of DNA topology in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

1998

DNA supercoiling in the chloroplast of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was found to change with a diurnal rhythm in cells growing in alternating 12-h dark-12-h light periods. Highest and lowest DNA superhelicities occurred at the beginning and towards the end of the 12-h light periods, respectively. The fluctuations in DNA supercoiling occurred concurrently and in the same direction in two separate parts of the chloroplast genome, one containing the genes psaB, rbcL, and atpA and the other containing the atpB gene. Fluctuations were not confined to transcribed DNA regions, indicating simultaneous changes in DNA conformation all over the chloroplast genome. Because the d…

ChloroplastsLightTranscription GeneticGenes ProtozoanChlamydomonas reinhardtiiTopologyGenomechemistry.chemical_compoundGenes ReporterAnimalsRNA MessengerMolecular BiologyGenebiologyDNA SuperhelicalChlamydomonasfood and beveragesCell Biologybiology.organism_classificationDNA Dynamics and Chromosome StructureCircadian RhythmChloroplastCross-Linking ReagentschemistryChloroplast DNAGene Expression RegulationDNA supercoilNucleic Acid ConformationDNAChlamydomonas reinhardtiiMolecular and cellular biology
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